Iran from 500 - 100 BC - Artistic Research Paper

Iran from 500 - 100 BC - Artistic - Research Paper Example It was eventually restored to Persian control between 330 and 100BC, and prospered into the modern era again. The area covered by modern day Iran was then called Persia, and as mentioned in the Bible and in Greek history and literature, it was a proud nation at the heart of a great Empire. Much of our knowledge comes from Greek and Jewish sources because original writings from that location have been lost. This means, unfortunately that some of the historical information is somewhat biased. The Greeks admired the skills of the Persians in producing fine works of art in metal, with precious jewels, and in sculpture, painting and weaving, but at the same time saw them as a threat, and dismissed their culture as â€Å"barbaric.†i Some scholars have noted that the best Greek imperial artefacts of this period such as statues and monuments demonstrate the use of styles and materials, such as gold, which they borrowed from the so-called â€Å"barbarian† culture of Persia.ii Al though very little in terms of writings has survived from Persia in this period, there is fortunately quite a lot of archaeological evidence in the form of metalwork, such as precious armlets in silver and gold, and carved stonework with a distinctive theme: â€Å"The realism of Achaemenian art manifests its power in the representation of animals, as can be seen in the many reliefs at Persepolis. Carved in stone or cast in bronze, the animals served as guardians to the entrances or, more often, as supports for vases, in which they were grouped by threes, their union a revival of the old traditions of tripods with legs ending in a hoof or a lion’s paw.†iii Some of these animal images are realistic, like bulls and horses, while others are more figurative, like griffins and strange creatures with lion’s heads and wings. Another art form that was perfected by the Persians in this period was inlay work, using precious stones that were obtained via the extensive tradi ng networks that the empire had built up over the preceding centuries. The devolved system of government used by the Persians meant that local governors (called â€Å"satraps†) looked after the infrastructure of the empire, and collected taxes. They also made sure that great cities were built and maintained with impressive architecture, including tombs for great leaders, temples for the predominant religion which was Zoroastrianism, and buildings for legal and commercial activity. This infrastructure is evidence of considerable wealth, allowing citizens to learn new decorative trades and arts. The city of Susa, which is often known by its Greek name Persepolis, is a fine example of the high level of planning in city architecture that the Persians were capable of. Another major innovation which the Persians enjoyed was the creation of a postal system, consisting of good roads with posting stations placed a day’s ride from each other.iv Official documents, trade items, a nd all kinds of ideas travelled along this network, making Persia the envy of the civilized world in those days. Reflection It was very interesting to read that even in this early period Persian carpets were famous across the world for their luxurious quality. I think that the cold of the desert areas at night in winter time caused the

Cultural Interviews and Assessment Essay Example for Free

Cultural Interviews and Assessment Essay I am interviewing a 32-year-old male (X) from the India who has been a resident of the San Jose in the US state of California since the last 10 years. He is employed as a Software engineer in one of the software MNCs in urban parts of California. Regarding, the Asian and Pacific Islander Americans (APIA) population in the US, they are one of the fastest growing population in the US. In the year 1999, the population was about 11 million and it is expected to grow to about 20 million by 2020. In 1999, 4 % of the US population was APIA, 12 % Hispanics and 11 % African-Americans. The APIA come from several parts of the world including India, China, Pakistan, Polynesia, Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Hawaii, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Korea, Vietnam, etc. One of the favorite locations in the US, the APIA population would like to settle is in the state of California. The APIA make up for about 12 % of the California population in 1999. They come from various cultural backgrounds and have diverse needs. They are one of the most diverse groups in the US, and it is difficult to fulfill their health problems due to diverse healthcare needs. Let us now go through the entire interview process: Socio-economic factors – Mr. X earns about 45, 000 US dollars every month. He is employed in a software-MNC. None of his other family members are working. He is married and has one child. Although he came to the US in 1997, he brought his family down to the US about a year back. Mr. X feels happy that he is able to earn a good income in the US and is more or less settled. He feels that many of the Indians in the US are earning far less and are belonging to the poverty groups. However, he also feels that the organization he is working in is a small organization and the income provided is less compared to other organizations. Lifestyle – MR. X is not leading a very healthy lifestyle. Earlier as his family was not with him, he used to eat his food in eat-outs and restaurants. Due to this, he is unable to lead a healthy life. However, once his family has come home, he is able to eat a traditional Indian meal and due to this, his nutritional status has improved. He is now able to consume a balanced diet. Mr. X and his family members consume a vegetarian diet. Mr. X smokes about 5 cigarettes a day and consumes about 2 servings of alcohol (especially whisky and rum) on Saturdays and Sundays. He is able to sleep only for about 6 to 7 hours a day. This is due to excessive workload. Although his duty timings are only 8 hours, he puts in an extra 5 hours work at home. During the weekend, he has to work from home at least for 5 hours on Saturdays and Sundays. He usually gets together in family meeting and religious ceremonies on Saturdays and Sundays. Family Values – Mr. X has not had much of a family life in the US. This is because his wife and child were staying back in India, as they were unable to come to the US earlier. However, in the last one-year his wife and child have come down to California and are staying with him. His son is an 8-year-old kid, who has just joined a US Elementary school. The child goes to school for about 4 hours in a day, from Monday to Friday. Prior to this one-year, the only members of his family in the US were his cousins, uncles and aunts, who reside about 20 miles from his home. Mr. X feels that in India, family values are given a great amount of importance. Down in India, people stay in a common house with the family members. This is especially seen in villages and small towns. Family meetings are conducted every day and usually food is consumed and prayers are said in a family. During the earlier days when he had just come to the US, Mr. X had stayed with one of his maternal aunt in California. However, as his condition began to improve and his job was settled, he shifted to a separate residence. However, he continues to meet his family members during weekends. Mr. X also makes important decisions after taking the advice of the elders in the family. This is also the case in India, where elders are given a lot of respect and value. In case of any personal problem, he would first call up his uncle, a man of 67 years, and explain his problem to him. Religious preferences – Mr. X belong to a high caste Hindu family in India, and actively practice his religion. During the weekends, he attends for prayers in a temple in California. He usually makes a trip along with family members. He does follow intricate religious practices at home and at his workplace. He consumes a vegetarian diet and would take care especially whilst eating out. During the morning and before starting work, Mr. X chants a few short prayers. This he also does after he finishes work and before going to bed. His wife and child are also religious like him. He accompanies his family members during the weekends for a trip to their local temple. The local temple is about 25 miles away from their home. They also consume a vegetarian diet. In California, the number of vegetarian restaurants and eat-outs are less, due to which he has experienced problems. Health and practices – Mr. X enjoys a good state of health compared to the other APIA’s in the US. It is also important to note that the APIA’s enjoy a much better health status compared to the Whites, African-Americans and the Hispanics. In the year 1999, Mr. X suffered a bout of malaria. He suffered from the illness for about 15 days, and required admission in the Hospital. During his earlier days in the US, Mr. X did not have health insurance. Hence, he had to pay for his hospital bills. In the year 2000, the organization he was working with provided him with health insurance, which helps him to meet with his health expenditure. As Mr. X smokes excessively and due to his work-related habits, he suffers from asthmatic attacks frequently. He uses a small pump that provides Broncho-dilators. He has to consume two puffs twice a day as suggested by the physician. He also follows the advice on food and exercises suggested by the physician. Sometimes during winter months, Mr. X requires hospitalization for difficulty in breathing. This has occurred frequently in the last 4 years. His hospital bill is now covered by health insurance. The physician has repeatedly suggested to give up smoking and to follow better work-related practices, which Mr. X has ignored. The access to health is good, as Mr. X resides in an urban area. He has a hospital providing ultra-modern facilities located about 1 mile from his residence. The hospital also has physicians, specialists and nurses who are from an Indian background. This makes him a special patient at the hospital. He does feel that his physician is able to communicate with him appropriately and understand his health problem. As Mr. X has his family come in newly into the US, they do not have health insurance. However, he plans to subscribe to health insurance for them within the next six months. So far his wife and child did not require hospitalization. However, MR. X frequently takes his son for health checkups and immunizations to the pediatrician. His wife visits a female gynecologist frequently, to ensure that problems with her periods are addressed properly. She does prefer going to an Indian female gynecologist, but is unable to do so as there is a shortage of medical staff from other cultures in the US. Due to problems with financing (uninsured), she is unable to afford seeing an Indian gynecologist from another hospital. MR. X’s physician and pediatrician both belong to the Indian community. Child-bearing/parenting practices – Mr. X has just one son, and he plan to have one more child in the near future. However, he says that during the pregnancy period, he plans to send his wife and son back home to India, as he may be unable to take appropriate care of his wife. As family values are give great importance in India, Mr. X wishes that his son stays with him even after crossing the age of 16 or 18. He wants his soon to mix about with other children in the US, but at the same time follow Indian traditions regarding religion, diet and customs. Other issues – Mr. X and is family members do understand English and do not have any problem communicating with the people in the US. Mr. X may not consider preventive medical care. However, he does visit the local physician frequently to take medical advice and go in for routine checkups. Mr. X feels that more physicians, nurses and specialists from the Indian communities should be available to fulfill the need of the Indians in California. Mr. X also feels that the local government and the Federal government have not addressed several of the problems faced by the APIA communities in the US. This is with regards to health insurance, health access, education, working conditions, immigration status, etc. References: Ro, M. â€Å"Overview of Asian and Pacific Islanders in the United States and California. † Center for Alternative Policies. 1999. 9 Nov 2007. http://www. communityvoices. org/Uploads/om3gfk55hhzyvrn00n4nerbf_20020828090003. pdf Srinivasa, S. â€Å"Toward Improved Health: Disaggregating Asian American and Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander Data. † American Journal of Public Health 90. 11 (2000): 1731-1734. http://www. ajph. org/cgi/reprint/90/11/1731. pdf

Dioxin :: Essays Papers

Dioxin Out to Help, or Out to Hurt? Imagine yourself building a life in a neighborhood that has everything to offer: A playground for the children, a day care center, an elementary school, a hospital, and friendly people. Everything seems to be perfect until you find out that the hospital, noted for helping people overcome illness and other ailments, is in turn causing some of those health problems. This neighborhood is not so ideal anymore. You begin to ask yourself if there was something you could have done, something you should have known, but you just don't have the answers. You are not alone. Thousands of people are learning about the effects of dioxin in their neighborhoods all the time, and there is something everyone can do about it. For starters, pinpointing the source of the problem is essential. In this case, the dioxin is being emitted into the air, water, and soil by way of a hospital incinerator. However, this is not just an argument for the environment, it is an issue of morality as well. It is up to the people to take action and fight for their right to a clean, safe environment. The Cortland Memorial Hospital incinerator is a major producer of dioxin in the Cortland area, as are all hospital incinerators throughout the world (Gibbs 53). The Environmental Protection agency has estimated that roughly 53 percent of all dioxin is cause by medical waste being burned in the hospital incinerators, and most of this is unnecessary (55). Through much research and investigation, it has been discovered that much of this dioxin is coming from the improper disposal of ALL hospital waste. Pam Jenkins, a previous advocate to stop the amount of dioxin being released into the air by Cortland Hospital, shared some of her information with us about the disposal of the waste after it is generated by the hospital. She informed us that materials and products, which can be sent to the landfill, are in actuality, being burned right in the hospital incinerator. The fact that materials such as hospital bedding, IV bags, food waste, metals, plastics, and other hazardous materials a re being burned in the incinerator is affecting the neighborhoods surrounding the hospital because the smoke carries the toxins and deposits them all over. How is dioxin created in these incinerators, and how does it affect community citizens?

The Ethical Values of the Music Art of the Ancient Greeks: A Semiotic E

The Ethical Values of the Music Art of the Ancient Greeks: A Semiotic Essay ABSTRACT: Humanity requires for its satisfaction Beauty and Good, that is, love, wisdom, and courage. Put differently, the necessity of order, equilibrium, and harmony. These values ground one of the most elevated planes of the spiritual life: music. Its moral force in the education of the mind, soul, and behavior of the human person has been emphasized by the ancient Greek philosophers. This important message exists as a pattern crossing the centuries. I will try to reveal the unity  ¡Ã‚ ¥ethics ¡Ã‚ ¦/ethike -  ¡Ã‚ ¥music ¡Ã‚ ¦/melos by using the semiotic organon. Suggested by the very remarkable interest taken in the music in the works of the ancient Greek philosophers, our attempt ¡Xa semiotic attempt ¡Xwould succeed in getting us closer to the meaning of what is called "the ethos of music" in the civilization of ancient Greeks. The model of semiosis allows us the investigation of the  ¡Ã‚ ¥sign ¡Ã‚ ¦: music, in its structure, in its act and its functionality which means communication and signification. Thus we can identify  ¡Ã‚ ¥the music-sign ¡Ã‚ ¦ through the expression of the sense ¡Xthe sense that "is conceived as an evidence, as the feeling of comprehension, in a very natural way" (1) ¡Xand through the significance. Thus, our guidance implies  ¡Ã‚ ¥sign ¡Ã‚ ¦,  ¡Ã‚ ¥expression ¡Ã‚ ¦,  ¡Ã‚ ¥signification ¡Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ¡Xthe triad that brings together the coordinates of semiosis; defined, it, by Charles S.Peirce through the cooperation of the sign, its object and its interpretant (2) and by U.Eco: "the process through which the empirical individuals communicate and the processes of communication become possible thanks to the systems of significance" (3). This semiosis is put in evidence by different semio... ...f. Th.Reinach, La musique grecque, Payot, Paris, 1926; C.Sachs, The Rise of Music in the Ancient World, W.W.Norton & Comp. Inc. New York, 1969. (11) Platon, Gorgias, in Opere, vol. I, Ed. Stiintifica si enciclopedica, Bucuresti, 1975. (12) Th.Reinach, op. cit., p. 158. (13) Aristotel, Politica, Ed. Cultura Nationala, Bucuresti, 1924, p. 201. (14) W.Fleming, Arte si idei, Ed.Meridiane, Bucuresti, 1983, vol. I, p. 104. (15) C.Popescu, in vol. II, Partea 2, Filosofia greaca pina la Platon, Ed.Stiintifica si enciclopedica, Bucuresti, 1979, p. 778. (16) Platon, Republica, in Opere, vol.V, Ed.Stiintifica si enciclopedica, Bucuresti, 1986, p. 190. (17) Diogenes Laertios, Despre vietile si doctrinele filosofilor, Ed.Academiei Romane, Bucuresti, 1963. (18) Ch.Morris, Signs, Language and Behaviour, New York, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1946, p. 118.

Belonging in Romulus, My Father and This Is England

Our perception of belonging is shaped by various aspects, one of the most influential of these being the confined expectations of society. As one understands and accepts the socially constructed definition of how an individual may belong, one begins to label themselves under this classification. This awareness causes one to alter and shape their behaviour according to their own perception of whether or not they belong, which in turn is based on society’s standards. It may serve as a process of belonging, or alternatively, as a barrier. This concept is evident in the first scene of the film This is England, as 12-year-old Shaun enters his new school, wearing his fathers’ old denim jeans. He stands helplessly among his classmates, most in ties, hats and uniform jackets. This juxtaposition immediately shows Shaun’s quickly formed perception of how one may belong in this environment, as a fight is initiated caused by his incompatible choice of clothing. His sense of belonging is determined by society’s expectations, and therefore his behaviour is shaped accordingly. Shaun further isolates himself from the society as a result of this, sitting unaccompanied in the playground. This act of cruelty causes Shaun to place blame upon his mother, who brought him from Germany to England, determined to start life afresh after the death of his father. Consequently, this gives rise to the additional seclusion from what was once a place of belonging, his home, and his family. A similar concept is evident in Romulus, My Father, a memoir written by Raimond Gaita. Raimond’s mother Christine experiences a life of rejection from society. In like manner as Shane encountered upon moving to England, Christine held a powerful sense of belonging to her home culture in Germany, and therefore the sudden change in landscape only furthered the isolation that was also influenced by her mental illness. Gaita feels that her psychological incapacity was exacerbated by the unwillingness of the community to accept and help her. He explains the behaviour of society as â€Å"the unattractive side of a conception of value whose other side nourished a distinctively Australian decency. Gaita’s personification of society shows that the extent to which this cruelty has reached is inhumane. â€Å"Such was the division of the human spirit in that part of the world at that time. Like many other sharp divisions, it could not capture the many worthy ways of being human. It nourished some possibilities, maimed others and would not allow some even to see the light of day†¦Ã¢â‚¬  sense of belonging may have aided in the healing of her illness, but paradoxically it was her illness that meant she would never experience a sense of acceptance. Society’s expectations formed Christine’s latest perception of belonging, in turn shaping her behaviour. The community in which she lived held a strong belief in ‘character’ as a defining quality through which individuals show they have the right ‘fit’ to society. â€Å"Tom Lillie and others disliked my mother partly because they saw her engaging vivacity as a dangerously seductive manifestation of personality in a woman they believed to be lacking entirely in character – a ‘characterless woman’. † In its historical and cultural context, women of rural Victoria in the 1950s were expected to hold a conservative nature. Perhaps that is why women at that time and in that place were especially vulnerable to the deadening attractions of middle-class respectability. † The negative connotations attached to the word ‘deadening’ reflects Gaita’s attitude to such restrictions, expressing through emphatic language his understanding of those who are not immediate conformists to the expectations that society has created. The community is repelled by her inability to care for Raimond, her promiscuity and her obsession with appearance over responsibilities. Christine’s understanding that she may never belong in a society that holds such defined expectations of women shapes her behaviour in that she pushes herself further away from the community, all the while influencing her to attempt to regain a connection with her family. This is England also emphasizes the dominant ideology of its era. White nationalism and patriotism were seen as the norm, and the movement against immigrants was extreme due to the area the film was set in, a low class area, where unemployment records were extremely high. The entire film displays each scene very black and white, as a representation of the reality of the issues in its context. Towards the end of the movie, Combo and Shaun decide to raid a shop with a Pakistani shop-keeper. As Combo leaves the store, he threatens the shop-keeper, bellowing, â€Å"this is our little Shandy, and we’ll come ‘ere anytime we like†. A close-up of the shaken shopkeeper, who does not retaliate to Combo’s words, shows that white people were accepted as being superior to colours. Shaun’s involvement portrays his acceptance of the values and customs that being a skinhead require, and his alteration of his behaviour upon adhering to these expectations in order to belong. The final scene of the film shows Shaun wandering along the beach, carrying a British flag. He pauses and throws the flag out to sea, a symbol of the knowledge he has gained and what has come from his experiences. Shaun is seen at the same location in the beginning of the film, this device being used as a sound and visual metaphor that symbolises the issues and his understanding of belonging have very much changed over time.

How To Build Your Spanish Vocabulary

How To Build Your Spanish Vocabulary A big part of learning any foreign language is learning the vocabulary - the collection of words used by those who speak the language. Fortunately for English speakers learning Spanish, there is a large overlap in the vocabulary. Thats because Spanish is a direct descendant of Latin while English received an infusion of Latin-derived vocabulary in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest of 1066. Word Similarities The overlap gives English speakers a head start in learning Spanish vocabulary. A linguist would say the two language have an abundance of cognates, words that are similar and have a common origin. But that head start comes with a price: Meanings of words change over time, and English and Spanish havent always changed in the same way. So some words, known as false friends, look like they might mean the same thing in the corresponding word of the other language. For example, something that is actual in Spanish is something thats current or happening now rather than something that isnt imaginary. And some words, ones I (but hardly anybody else) call fickle friends, correspond frequently but not so often enough that their meanings need to be learned. Arena in Spanish can refer to a sports arena, for example, but it more often refers to sand. Expanding on What You Know How many words do you need to be proficient in Spanish? Thats an open question because the answer depends on what you want to do with the language. That task of learning thousands of words may sound daunting. But there are ways you can make the task easier. One way is to take advantage of the many prefixes and suffixes, word beginnings and endings you can use. Many of the prefixes will seem familiar, because most come from Latin. Thats not as common with the suffixes. Two of the main kinds are augmentative suffixes, which can add a negative connotation to a word or refer to something thats particularly large, and diminutive suffixes, which can refer to things that are small or that are especially desirable. Memorization Memorization is seldom the most fun way to learn words, but many students benefit from it. Here are some of the word lists we provide as an aid: Top 100 Spanish words you need to knowSpanish for air travelersArabic words in SpanishSpanish arithmetic termsSpanish at the beachWords for everyday things around the homeComputer and Internet termsBody parts in SpanishCompound words in SpanishConfusing Spanish verb pairs: ser and estar, saber and conocer, othersEnglish words borrowed from SpanishGeography in Spanish: City names, definite articles with country names, nationalitiesSpanish lodging vocabularySpanish love wordsCommon and not-so-common vegetablesAlternatives for muySpanish names for occupationsSpanish names of petsSpanish astronomical termsSpanish names for relativesSpanish for ThanksgivingShopping in Spanish and Spanish names for storesSpanish units of timeSeasons in SpanishSpanish weather termsSpanish war and military termsSpanish words for whatSpanish words for snowWinter sports in SpanishU.S.-style football termsBasketball glossarySpanish at the zooWords for celebrating Halloween We also have lessons on use of particular words. Many of these lessons include comments on the words etymology, or word history. AlfabetoClaroDerecho and derechaGraciaGringoHuracnMejor and peorNoSanto For Fun It may not always be practical, but sometimes its fun to learn words just for the sake of learning them: Crossword puzzles in SpanishWhat is the longest word in Spanish? Ways to Make These Words Yours Over the years, numerous  readers of this site have offered their advice for incorporating the words into the Spanish that you can use everyday. The simple fact, though, is that what works well for one person doesnt work for everyone, as we all have our own learning styles. You might consider some of these methods, however, to see of one of them clicks for you: Make sticky notes with names of objects and place them on the things you want to be able to talk about. You cant do this everywhere, of course, but if you do this your home you can track your progress by removing the notes for words you have already learned.Create three-by-five-inch cards with vocabulary words on one side and definitions on the other. And random times during the day, compose sentences using the words.Use social media to find Spanish speakers learning English and you can help each other.

Ozone Layer and Its Problems essays

Ozone Layer and Its Problems essays Some of the worlds brightest scientists have come up with the theory, that the human race is slowly depleting the ozone layer. By depleting the ozone layer the planet becomes warmer. Ozone depletion has been one of the most discussed issues in the past twenty years, when it comes to the environment. Many of the theories today say that if ozone depletion continues the planet will become warmer and the polar ice cap will melt. Anywhere from five to twenty-five miles above the earth is a protective blanket of gases know as the atmosphere. This atmosphere helps to hold in the air that we breathe and to protect the earth from the full effect of the suns ultraviolet rays (Emmel 22). The upper part of the atmosphere is called the stratosphere; this is where the ozone layer is located. The ozone layer is the main tool for filtering out most of the suns ultraviolet rays and only makes up one-millionth of the atmosphere. The ozone layer has one of the most important jobs in entire atmosphere. Its job is to absorb, reflect, or get rid of as many ultraviolet rays possible. Even with all of this some of the UV rays still get passed the ozone layer. But, because of the ozone layer there are not enough UV rays to hurt the earth. If not for the ozone layer life is it is today would not be possible. About thirty or forty years ago scientists noticed the beginnings of a small hole. In the last thirty year the hole has become bigger each and every year. Now the hole is as big as the United States and is sitting over Antarctica (Biggs 8). Special measuring devices show that the ozone layer is letting in twice as many UV rays as normal. In these last thirty year scientists believe the ozone layer has been depleted by two percent (Erratic 2). Many scientists have voices that extra radiation getting through to the earths surface may lead to problems further down the line. Scientists suggest th ...

Free Essays on Lord Of The Flies Good Vs. Evil

Lord of the Flies: The Evil Within The novel Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, used a group of British boys beached on a deserted island to illustrate the malicious nature in mankind. Lord of the Flies deals with the changes the boys undergo as they gradually adapt to the freedom from society. William Golding’s basic philosophy is that man is inherently evil. He also expresses how symbolism and irony in such instances as the death of Simon, the beast within the boys, and the way Ralph was fervently hunted. Golding conveys symbolism as a valued technique throughout the chapters. One of the major key points of symbolism is the death of Simon. This corresponds to the loss of religious reasoning. Simon is mistaken as â€Å"the beast† and beaten to death. Jack’s tribe vigorously chants, â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!† (152). Here, Simon had crawled out of the forest and the ring had opened to let him inside. As the boys killed Simon, they let out their savage urges and acted in a cannibalistic manner. Even after the death of Simon, Jack and his tribe did not feel any remorse to what they had done; killing to them had become second nature. â€Å"Only the beast lay still, a few yards from the sea† (153). After finally realizing that the supposed â€Å"beast† is actually Simon, a sudden storm arises and the group disbands for shelter. The storm subsided and the tides moved in and out, Simon’s body was washed out to sea. In this novel, society is communicated as symbolic and even ironic. One example referring to Golding’s view of society is the beast. The beast which lay within the boys represents the evil that dwells inside humanity. He believes that savagery is always in mankind, but need the proper situation to come out and cause a transformation of even the most innocent of us. For the boys the fear of the unknown on the island causes the terror of the beast. This ironic fear is a... Free Essays on Lord Of The Flies Good Vs. Evil Free Essays on Lord Of The Flies Good Vs. Evil Lord of the Flies: The Evil Within The novel Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, used a group of British boys beached on a deserted island to illustrate the malicious nature in mankind. Lord of the Flies deals with the changes the boys undergo as they gradually adapt to the freedom from society. William Golding’s basic philosophy is that man is inherently evil. He also expresses how symbolism and irony in such instances as the death of Simon, the beast within the boys, and the way Ralph was fervently hunted. Golding conveys symbolism as a valued technique throughout the chapters. One of the major key points of symbolism is the death of Simon. This corresponds to the loss of religious reasoning. Simon is mistaken as â€Å"the beast† and beaten to death. Jack’s tribe vigorously chants, â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!† (152). Here, Simon had crawled out of the forest and the ring had opened to let him inside. As the boys killed Simon, they let out their savage urges and acted in a cannibalistic manner. Even after the death of Simon, Jack and his tribe did not feel any remorse to what they had done; killing to them had become second nature. â€Å"Only the beast lay still, a few yards from the sea† (153). After finally realizing that the supposed â€Å"beast† is actually Simon, a sudden storm arises and the group disbands for shelter. The storm subsided and the tides moved in and out, Simon’s body was washed out to sea. In this novel, society is communicated as symbolic and even ironic. One example referring to Golding’s view of society is the beast. The beast which lay within the boys represents the evil that dwells inside humanity. He believes that savagery is always in mankind, but need the proper situation to come out and cause a transformation of even the most innocent of us. For the boys the fear of the unknown on the island causes the terror of the beast. This ironic fear is a...

If you had a second chance- The opportunity to do something over and Essay

If you had a second chance- The opportunity to do something over and do it differently- what would you choose to do over and wha - Essay Example If I would be granted an opportunity, I would wish to opt for the profession of medicine and to enter this field not for my own good but for the greater good. The professional career of a doctor revolves around the serving of the health of individuals and therefore to work towards the betterment of other people. It is a profession of dignity where an individual sacrifices his own personal luxuries for the sake of ensuring the quality of life of other individuals. A doctor works full time in the health care settings and his duty is the top most priority for him. Doctors are important parts of the medical teams that are required for emergency setups for disaster management. My inspiration for the profession increased following the work of the doctors for humanitarian relief in the disasters particularly the earthquake that hit Haiti. The way the doctors left the comforts of their home to move to an area where they might not even have access to clean water was really an impressive act. I would have opted for this profession for the greater good and for the purpose of serving humanity. It would have provided me with inner satisfaction.

Current Event Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Current Event Paper - Assignment Example Rousek, 2014, reported high Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) in Czech Republic and Hungary. The PMI is the broad indicator of manufacturing sector health, adding up new orders, inventory sizes, recruitment levels, and supplier deliveries. A PMI reading of figures above 50 is an indicator of expansion in manufacturing. A figure below 50, on contrary, indicates contraction in manufacturing level. Agata, HSBC economist noted in the article that a marginal increase in PMI occurred between the months of September and July, a faint positive sign. He added on that new export orders declined only moderately. Poland recorded a PMI of 49.5, and a figure noted to be slightly below average and standard mark. An increase in manufacturing activities in Czech Republic and Hungary as reported by Rousek, 2014, prompts companies to expand their inventory management. Inventory management entails coordination and supervision of adequate goods to suit current production level in the company. In the article, Rousek, 2014, addresses PMI increase in production in Czech Republic and Hungary. PMI is an indicator of inventory sizes. An increase in inventory sizes among manufacturing companies is a critical indicator of the necessity to enhance efficiency in companies’ inventory departments. Rousek, L. (October 1, 2014). Factory Output Varies in Central Europe with Czech, Hungary Going Strong, Poland Stalling. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 21, 2014 from,

Public relation strategy of AUstralia Federal Election Essay

Public relation strategy of AUstralia Federal Election - Essay Example has made use of considerable public relations tools, including new media forums such as Twitter and Facebook, offering both candidates more exposure in a large variety of different voter markets. This paper describes the key messages from both candidates, from Gillard’s focus on improving progressivism and touting feminist values as well as Abbott’s more conservative policies on health care, environmentalism, and immigration. Both Gillard and Abbott have their own, unique perspectives on how best to move Australia forward should they be elected the new Prime Minister. Julia Gillard is often portrayed by Australian society and multiple media outlets as being far too dedicated to the interests of the Labor party, proposing upcoming policies centred around monetary needs over that of the tangible needs of the Australian people. This is interesting criticism considering the socialistic values traditionally found in those characterized as centre-left. Gillard’s top priorities as Prime Minister include first economic growth, the improvement of education, and building national pride and confidence in the 21st century (Kearney, 2010). In fact, said Gillard in a recent interview, â€Å"Keeping the economy strong so that people can get the benefits of work† was her main goal (Kearney, 2010, p.1). Gillard has also been criticized significantly for her lack of religious conviction, this being a self-proclaimed atheist, which has created concern with the country’s Church leaders and faithful citizens with strong religious principles. Despite this criticism for her values related to religion, Gillard attempts to reinforce her stern respect for these institutions when stating, â€Å"My history has been to be a big supporter. In terms of the work that the Catholic church does, that other churches†¦do in our society, I am a big respecter† (theage.com.au, 2010, p.2). This is a public relations effort to reinforce her values about the value of diversity and religious faith

Write a summary of a report on trade theory and tarifs for a team of Essay

Write a summary of a report on trade theory and tarifs for a team of newly hired International Managers. What are the important points you would highlight in this report - Essay Example rights on a global scale, through the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) and the recent significant agreements that have been signed under the WIPO’s umbrella. Similarly, it is also important to realize the influences of the latest multilateral trade negotiations that have occurred such as the TRIPS (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights System) Agreement’s accession with the aspect of Intellectual Property (World Trade Organization). By doing so, one can derive the combined advantages of the practicalities of Intellectual Property Right Systems and the TRIPS agreement. The last aspect that holds immeasurable importance in the regard of the subject at hand is the telecommunication regime that is becoming increasingly directed by the evolution of Information Technology on a global scale. All these aspects come to together to have direct affects upon areas such as international air transport and global trade, the structural characteristics of the airline industry alongside the implementation of public policies and the involvement of the International Civil Aviation Organization in this regard. The discussion however would not be complete without an understanding of the framework that the General Agreement on Trade in Services provides under the flag of the World Trade

Economics Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics Assignment - Essay Example Other ways to alter money supply in the economy may include altering discount rates, quantitative easing and Funding; however, the main emphasis of monetary policy is the â€Å"Open Market Operations† through which the government alters money supply in the economy. It is first important to understand how banks operate; banks lend out money to open public, this money when lend out in the economy is bound to come back to the banks as deposits by other people. Thus, the bank has more and more money to lend out. However, the bank keeps certain amount of money as a safety measure to cater to demand of withdrawal of money by customers. The percentage of deposit kept safe by the bank is determined by the â€Å"Liquidity Ratio†. Example, if the liquidity ratio is 10%, and Mr. X comes and invests $100 in a bank, the bank would keep $10 as a reserve and would lend out the remaining $90 to customers. This increases money supply; the more money that flows in the bank, the more cred it creation takes place. Open Market operations refer to buying and selling of bonds that happens between the Central bank and the commercial banks. Commercial banks are very powerful when it comes to money creation or contractions. Thus, in case the government wants an expansionary monetary policy, the Central bank would ask the commercial banks to print fancy stamped papers with net amounts written (known as BONDS) and sell them to Central Bank. The central bank would buy the bond and pay the commercial bank money for the bond. Thus, this money is used by the commercial banks to make more credit as they give out this money to buyers. These people spend, Example, Mr. X borrowed $90 and bought a Dell Computer, now Dell would deposit the $90 back in the bank and thus the bank would make a further loan of $81 (90% of $90) and this cycle goes on. This leads to money being multiplied and as a result, because of the Money Multiplier effect, $100 becomes approximately $1000 in the economy at a 10% liquidity ratio rate. This is an expansionary monetary policy that is used in times of recession to bring the economy back or close to the full employment level of output. Money Multiplier = 1 / Liquidity Ratio Similarly, if the government wishes to contract the money supply, it does the opposite; the central bank prints and sells bonds to the commercial banks (taking out its reserves) thus the commercial banks have lesser funds to give out as loans in the economy and the overall economy contracts. This contracts the money supply and is used in times of inflation. This concept also has another vital aspect to it, the impact of interest rates as a result of money supply. Money supply is directly linked to the interest rates, as shown below: Increases in money supply (via expansionary monetary policy) decreases interest rates (as shown above, from i1 to i2), this means people would be less willing to save and hence have a greater marginal propensity to consume*. Consumption will likely to go up as people would tend to spend more than they save, owing to low interest rates. Credit card purchases would be encouraged and investments would be made more attractive at lower interest rates. Also, owing to the wealth effect, the people would be willing to spend

Write a summary of a report on trade theory and tarifs for a team of Essay

Write a summary of a report on trade theory and tarifs for a team of newly hired International Managers. What are the important points you would highlight in this report - Essay Example rights on a global scale, through the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) and the recent significant agreements that have been signed under the WIPO’s umbrella. Similarly, it is also important to realize the influences of the latest multilateral trade negotiations that have occurred such as the TRIPS (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights System) Agreement’s accession with the aspect of Intellectual Property (World Trade Organization). By doing so, one can derive the combined advantages of the practicalities of Intellectual Property Right Systems and the TRIPS agreement. The last aspect that holds immeasurable importance in the regard of the subject at hand is the telecommunication regime that is becoming increasingly directed by the evolution of Information Technology on a global scale. All these aspects come to together to have direct affects upon areas such as international air transport and global trade, the structural characteristics of the airline industry alongside the implementation of public policies and the involvement of the International Civil Aviation Organization in this regard. The discussion however would not be complete without an understanding of the framework that the General Agreement on Trade in Services provides under the flag of the World Trade

An Unmanageable Case-Management Quandary Case Study

An Unmanageable -Management Quandary - Case Study Example In addition to that, there will be a look at the advantages and disadvantages of individual and master calendar systems with regard to issues in the criminal division. Thereafter a recommendations with regard to this courts statistical report. Case management approach constitutes of two systems namely individual and Master calendar system. In individual calendar system a filed case is dealt with by one judge to full completion. The advantage in regard to this is that cases are heard fully, there are no interferences from other forces such as other judges and any other potential rivalries. This enhances speedy delivery of final judgment but, it rather limits the judgment since other different perspectives and opinions are not in play. On the contrary, the master calendar system seems to be much effective according to Chung (2011). It allows different views into play and thus not limiting the judgment. It is disadvantaged in that it delays decisions on cases as the other judges who come into play differ in decisions, philosophies and fear contradicting earlier judgment made by judges thereon. This slows down decisions on cases as they deliberate more on the diverse issues raised. Criminal division is a rotation of judges between criminal and civic law system. This has far implications in regard to its advantages and disadvantages associated with it. One of the merits is that it relieves burn-outs of judges due to emotional intensity cases and facilitates ease from workloads. On the other it’s quite limiting in cases where final verdict on a case was not reached. This leads to prolonging of the case as newest judge has to familiarize with the case before determining its verdict. Therefore, it leads to delay of judgment upon the prevalent case and many cases are left pending. Juvenile division refers to the courts put in place in correction of the minors in the society as Sutton (1985) elaborates. For instance, judges deployed

Battle of Trafalgar Essay Example for Free

Battle of Trafalgar Essay The Battle of Trafalgar was the most significant battle won by the British against the combined forces of the French and Spanish fleets during the Napoleonic Wars. This battle also had significant impact on the concept of navigation when it comes to the Naval Doctrine of War. This battle proved that tactical unorthodoxy could win battles; even though you might be outmanned and outgunned by your opponent you can still win battles by deviating from the old Naval Doctrine. This battle was part of a much larger campaign called the Trafalgar campaign which included several different battles that led up to the final battle at Trafalgar. This campaign was a long and complicated series of fleet maneuvers carried out by the combined French and Spanish fleets and the opposing moves of the British Royal Navy during much of 1805. These were the culmination of French plans to force a passage through the English Channel, and so achieve a successful invasion of the United Kingdom. The plans were extremely complicated and proved to be impractical. Much of the detail was due to the personal intervention of Napoleon, who was a soldier rather than a sailor. This was largely because Napoleon failed to consider the effects of weather, difficulties in communication, and the intervention of the Royal Navy. Despite limited successes in achieving some elements of the plan the French commanders were unable to follow the main objective through to execution. The campaign, which took place over thousands of miles of ocean, was marked by several naval engagements, most significantly at the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805. The naval doctrine at the time dictated that both sides should line up parallel to eachother in a straight line so that they could engage in battle and bring all their guns to bear against the enemy. One of the reasons for the development of the line of battle was to help the admiral control the fleet. If all the ships were in line, signaling in battle became possible. The line also had defensive properties, allowing either side to disengage by breaking away in formation. If the attacker chose to continue combat their line would be broken as well. This type of warfare allowed each side to fight a battle and then to disengage at any time to minimize the losses to their fleet. However with England under threat of invasion by Napoleon and his grand army, British Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson needed to ensure that the British were in control of the seas. In order to do this Nelson needed to fight and win a decisive battle that would clearly establish Britain’s naval supremacy. However in order to do this he would have to make sure that the combined French and Spanish fleets actually remained in the battle long enough to win a decisive victory. What Nelson planned on doing was instead of lining up parallel to the opposing fleet, Nelson would take his navy and charge at the enemy and deliberately cut the their battle line in two. This type of deviation from normal naval warfare in terms of navigation was unheard of at the time. Despite the risk to the British fleet, Nelson believed that this was the best way to engage the enemy fleet in the upcoming battle because it had numerous advantages. The primary advantage was that this would allow the British to cut half of the enemy fleet off, surround it, and force a fight to the end. This is unlike normal engagements where the battle was often inconclusive due to the fact that both fleets would withdraw before a clear winner could be seen. The plan had three principal advantages. First, it would allow the British fleet to close with the Franco-Spanish fleet as quickly as possible, reducing the chance that it would be able to escape without fighting. Second, it would quickly bring on close quarters battle by breaking the Franco-Spanish line and inducing a series of individual ship-to-ship fights, in which the British were likely to prevail. Nelson knew that the better seamanship, faster gunnery, and higher morale of his crews were great advantages. Third, it would bring a decisive concentration on the rear of the Franco-Spanish fleet. The ships in the front of the enemy fleet would have to turn back to support the rear, and this would take a long time. Additionally, once the Franco-Spanish line had been broken, their ships would be relatively defenseless to powerful broadsides from the British fleet and would take a long time to reposition and return fire. The main drawback of this strategy was that sailing the British fleet into the combined French and Spanish battle line, the British ships would be fully exposed to the enemy broadsides without the ability to return fire. In order to lessen the time the fleet was exposed to this danger Nelson would have to drive the fleet straight into the enemy battle line as fast as he could. This was yet another departure from navigation rules of naval warfare. Nelson was also well aware that French and Spanish gunners were ill-trained, nd would probably be supplemented with soldiers. These untrained men and would have difficulty firing accurately from a moving gun platform. This was in stark comparison to British gunners who were well drilled, and the Royal Marines who were expert marksmen. Another advantage that the British fleet had was that the enemy was sailing across a heavy swell, causing the ships to roll heavily and exacerbating these problems. Nelsons plan was indeed a gamble, but a carefully calculated one. The battle itself started exactly as Nelson wanted it to. The British fleet was able to successfully cut the French and Spanish battle line in half thus forcing a close quarter’s battle. Despite the huge risk that Nelson was taking his plan ended up working. Nelson scored a huge victory against the combined French and Spanish fleet. He managed to capture over twenty of the enemy ships and inflicted heavy casualties against while suffering few casualties himself. Unfortunately during the battle Nelson was pierced by a musket ball and died from his wounds before he could see the outcome of the victory. Some argue that his loss outweighed any gains made by the British Navy. Following the battle, the Royal Navy was never again seriously challenged by the French fleet in a large-scale engagement. Napoleon had already abandoned his plans of invasion before the battle and they were never revived. This battle firmly established Britain’s naval supremacy over France. In terms of navigation, this battle was very significant. The most important thing is that it proved that following standard navigational techniques during an engagement won’t always win a battle. The best tactic is to be unpredictable so that the enemy has to adapt to what you are doing thus giving you the tactical advantage. This is exactly what Nelson did in the Battle of Trafalgar and it paid off. He proved that sometimes in battle deviating from the norm of battle navigation is the best thing to do, and ever since navies around the world have looked to the strategies employed by Nelson. What is being done today is that naval commanders are being educated about naval history so that they can learn and even employ these types of strategies if they need to in battle. In conclusion, the Battle of Trafalgar was a turning point in which ships would fight naval battles in terms of navigation due to the tactical unorthodoxy employed by Nelson. This battle has had long term effects and even today commanders look back and employ some of the same strategies used. The importance of this battle cannot be underestimated because not only was it the turning point in the Napoleonic Wars for the British in terms of establishing naval supremacy at the time, it was a turning point in naval warfare. Navigation would never be the same thanks to one man and one decisive battle.

Challenges of Health Promotion

Challenges of Health Promotion There is a very diverse range of the meaning of health between different groups of people. How a person will define what health means to them will depend on a number of factors. Arguably the most influential of these factors are; age, sex, socio-economic status, social class, location and culture. It is now recognised that there are 5 distinct dimensions of health; physical, emotional, spiritual, social and mental. The World Health Organisation (1948) defined health as as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Kelleher (1991) says that for some people being healthy means being happy, for others it may be an expectation of living for a long time, while others may see it as an exclusion of illness. These definitions of health may be influenced by personal experience of illness, however some may see it as simply just being able to cope and go about their daily lives without interference. Generally the most dominant definition of health is merely seen as an absence of illness, often described as a negative definition. Downie et al (1990) say that negative definitions of health can be linked to perceptions of what is abnormal, unwanted or incapacitating. Age is a very important factor in determining how someone defines health, as those of a younger age group will mainly focus on the physical aspects of health such as fitness and diet. Generally however, as people age they place more emphasis on the emotional and spiritual aspects of health. This shows that social factors are a very big determinant of how someone will define health. A lot of podiatry work involves working with various people to improve their health for example keeping them mobile and alleviate painful symptoms due to some form of fraility, illness or disability. This may include short term treatments or long term care may be required. The definition of health has also changed over time, for example the Ancient Greeks believed that illness was caused by an imbalance in the humours (bodily fluids). In contrast in Victorian times, illness was seen as the will of God, a more spiritual take on the concept of health. There are three models relating to the concept of health; the Biomedical model emphasises health in terms of biological processes of the body. In contrast the Social model of health asserts that in addition to physical dimensions of health, other dimensions must be considered including the persons social and economic circumstances. It considered the person as a whole living within a social context (Blaxter 2004). The Biopsychosocial model takes the aspects of the previous two models and combines them. It is the dynamic interaction of biological, psychological, and social influences of health, however it focuses more on the individual rather than the social structures surrounding them. In the 1800s and 1900s the focus was on the provision of a healthy environment which included adequate housing and sanitation and the provision of safe food and water. With developments in medical science the emphasis has shifted to preventative medical services e.g. vaccines, immunisation and encouraging people to make healthy choices. This reflects the shift from communical diseases to lifestyle related diseases e.g. cancer. There are two approaches to health promotion: a preventative approach and an empowerment approach. Glanz, Rimer Lewis (2002) assert that the central concern of health education is health behaviour. This means that peoples lifestyles play a significant role in the development and management of disease and through various measures we can encourage people to make healthy choices. In 1975 Marc Lalonde published a report entitled A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians in which he argued there are 4 main causes of illness, namely: Inadequacies in current health services, lifestyle or behavioural factors, environmental pollution and physical characteristics. The Ottawa Charter (1986) outlines the five principal elements of health promotion as; Conducive public policy, supportive environments, community participation, personal skills and the reorientation of health services to allow people to make well informed, healthy choices. Conducive policy refers to the importance of Government policy in general, and not just in health policy, in promoting health. The second element is the provision of supportive environments. This refers to the importance of having healthy physical environments such as in the home, at school, work and in public places. The community participation element of health promotion consists of involving communities and special interest groups, e.g. the elderly, women, people with disabilities and travellers, in identifying their own health needs and developing services appropriate to these needs. The final element of health promotion is the reorientation of health services towards services which are concerned with health promotion, protection and disease prevention. This involves shifting the emphasis in health services to primary health care e.g. providing screening services and health checks within a community. Ewles and Simnett (1999) list the following activities that could be seen as health promotion practices; Mass media advertising, campaigns on health issues, patient education, self-help groups environmental safety measures, public policy issues, health education about physical health, preventative medical procedures, codes of practice on health issues, health enhancing facilities in local communities, workplace health policies and health and social education for young people in schools. Ewles and Simnett (2003) also identify approaches to health promotion. These all flow from a particular set of aims which hope to be achieved. They emphasise that no one aim or approach to health promotion is right but that it is important for us, as health care workers to consider which is appropriate for us, and relevant to our work. However one of the most important factors is educating people, to allow them to make informed, healthy choices. The first of approaches is medical or preventitive. The aim of this approach is to gain freedom from medically defined disease and disability e.g. cancer. This could be achieved through screening, immunisation and early detection. This approach has been highly successful but tends to reinforce a negative definition of health.

Portrait Of A Man Trying To Hang On :: Essays Papers

Portrait Of A Man Trying To Hang On Wade Whitehouse is a man who is frightened to death of following in his father's footsteps, yet he follows them exactly. His violent temper and alcoholism are giant neon signs of how much he is like his father Glen and how closely related their actions are. Wade and his brother Rolfe lived with a violent and destructive man whose behavior was both mentally and physically threatening to his sons. Their father had successfully destroyed them in a long process that began when they were young boys, as they stood and watched him strike their mother. These boys grew up with only feelings of fear and loathing toward their father. Rolfe is the son who in a sense escapes and tells this story as the narrator. Wade, on the other hand, is captured by the violence and alcoholism and acts in the same manners as his father before him. Wade and his father anesthetize their pain through alcoholism which Rolfe manages to just barely escape. We see Wade as a drunk, abusive, and overall sad father, ex-husband and sheriff who has lost control of his life. He is a very complex character from a small town that becomes mentally ill as time goes by. Is this due to his alcoholism? Does everything stem from his alcoholism and the fact that his father was mentally and physically abusive to both him and his brother? Is alcoholism Wade’s affliction? Or is it the devastating and lingering effects of the child abuse he grew up with? There are many things in Wade’s life that might have driven him to become an alcoholic. For example his actions have cost him his marriage to Lillian, his daughter Jill doesn’t want to live with him, he is a sheriff in a small town with little crime, his mother dies and his father is hard to cope with in his old age, and his girlfriend Margie only stands by him until finally she too has had enough. These seem like common occurrences in the life of many Americans today, yet these are the things that lead people to alcoholism. Wade is being held down by more baggage than most have. In a quest to assert himself, Wade strikes out against those who are most important in his life and is faced with the disrespect of the town.

Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut :: Harrison Bergeron Essays

1. Define 'satire' and provide one example of personal or social satire that yoou have encountered. You may use any source for your example:TV, media, news editorials, movies, comedy, etc. Satire can be defined as any work in which a human vice or folly is attacked with irony or sarcasm. An example of satire can be found in the song "When the President Talks to God" by Bright Eyes. In this song, the lyrics lay out hypothetical conversations between the President and God, which mocks current President George W. Bush and his use of strong religious influence while in office. 2. In a well-developed p-graph, I.D. and explain at least one symbol vonnegut presents in the story. Explain how he uses the symbol and what the symbol represents some other entity in the story. In the story, Harrison Bergeron represents many symbols. A major symbolic moment occurs when Harrison breaks away from his chains. This represents Harrison's freedom. 3. In the story, what is the purpose of 'handicaps' and how do they keep people equal? Handicaps can be defined as a hinderance that gives a disadvantage. In the story Harrison Bergeron, handicaps are given to anyone considered to be pretty, smart, and out of the ordinary. Masks are worn so beauty is hidden, an ear piece prevents intelligent thought, and the extraordinary are chained up. 4. Explain the role Diana Moon Glampers plays in the story and describe the authority she possesses over the people. Diana Moon Glampers plays the Handicapper General. Basically, she is large and in charge. Diana has the power of to control the life and death of everyone in the story, and this is shown. 5. Explain why Hazel Bergeron is not plagued with frequent brain blasts like her husband. Hazel Bergeron does not need a handicap to prevent her from having intelligent thoughts like her husband simply because she is not as smart as he is. 6. In a p-graph, write a brief character sketch of Harrison Bergeron. Include not only his physical appearance, but the emotional characteristic which leads him to behave so bizarrely. Putting Harrison Bergeron's seven-foot stature asside, he appears to be what we would call normal today. 7. This story has a well-developed theme which Vonnegut parodies against certain American beliefs. In a paragraph or two, explain what you believe the theme of this story is.

Human Resource Management and East Midlands Ambulance Essay

1. Executive summary The purpose of this report is to investigate the human resource management (HRM) problems that the East Midlands Ambulance Service (EMAS) is experiencing. One of the issues EMAS is experiencing is paramedics possess a lack of motivation and commitment to the job consequently causing a rise in absence. This is caused by the new budgets cuts enforced on the NHS and is impacting on the paramedic’s working life such as, cancellation of allocated break times. Another problem they are facing is the human resource department has been downsized therefor there is one HR manager and adviser covering 3 counties. This is causing work relations between HR and line managers to break down due to not enough HR staff to support every individual station. It is recommended that HR should allocate time to each station to support managers and employees and directors come to an agreement to give employees their breaks. There is additional web information to support the concepts chosen to analyse the problem. These are www.telegraph.co.uk/article/absenteeism and www.thefreelibaray.com/psycologicalcontacts. 2. Problem identification and analysis The new budget cuts to the National Health Service (NHS) are causing many  changes throughout the organisation; one sector of the organisation being highly effected is the Ambulance service. Throughout the East Midlands Ambulance Service many cost efficient changes are taking place, however they still have to meet the same standards of performance to meet their annual targets so that they will receive the same budget for the service next year if the targets are not met the budget each year will decrease. Major changes to EMAS include: * No allocated break times and lunch times. The directors say paramedics are to have their breaks and lunch aboard the ambulance between jobs ‘’when they get a minute’’ however due to the increase in emergency calls, reports revealed that some paramedics were not having lunch at all throughout a 12 hour shift. This is a breach of not only their written employment contract but their psychological contract as well. * Human resources has been downsized, there were HR managers and advisers for every county over the east midlands. The new change saw one HR manager and one HR adviser covering 3 counties and researched showed that employees felt like they had no one to turn to for advise as there HR department was far too busy for individual employee needs. This is making it very difficult for the HR department to focus on what is demotivating the employees causing absenteeism. Even though there have been many other changes to EMAS these are the priority because the result of these changes has had an immense impact on absence and sick leave, as employees are not satisfied with the new conditions to their job description. The new changes to EMAS are causing a vast chain reaction throughout the organisation mainly because most of the changes are hugely breaching employee’s psychological contract. The terms they were expecting to have when they were first employed by EMAS has now been removed for example if a paramedic were to smoke there breaks they used to get off the ambulance for refreshments etc. have now been removed they are expected to remain on board the ambulance. Such a breach would have a massive impact on their commitment to the job as they would feel that the employer has been disloyal to them and not having care for the job would lead them to take unnecessary time off. The HR department cutbacks have had a big impact to not only employees but their line mangers to. HR are finding it difficult to attain any spare time to meet with the managers to discuss recent  problems/procedures therefore all the contact is being made thought documents and letters leaving the managers confused about dealing with their team. The managers are being put under a great deal of stress as their employee expectations have been disregarded. Managers expect to have the HR department at hand for advice on employee problems and procedure. Not having this is not the job expectation they had when they first started. 3. Recommendations Solutions to these problems are very complex and the most obvious solutions are obstructed by the budget cuts. Yes the HR department need more advisers covering each county but unfortunately that cannot occur, instead propose a new system as to where the HR department travels to each station, maybe 1 district a day, to assist the line managers and provide them with up to date policies and procedures. They could also enlist employee time to discuss and problems they are facing and offer advice. This could help to build the relationships that are currently being strained. Also arranging for back to work interviews and help schemes for absentees could help to make them feel more empowered and feel the organisation really needs them back to work giving the employee a sense of purpose. As for the impractical break times for paramedics, give them a designated time to eat their lunch and have their breaks in a suitable environment, whilst one team is having a break have another standing in but make sure that whether on a break or not they must always make themselves available should they be needed. A breach in written/psychological contracts like this is unacceptable for the organisation to enforce upon the employees. The research carried out by Steers and Rhodes (1978) on absenteeism is what this organisation should follow because the employee’s ability to do the job is becoming complicated by a breach in job expectation, not resting on break creating role stress etc. therefor rescinding the employee’s motivation to work. Studying this research could open up compromises for the managers and their employees. Information The web page studied to back up the concept of absenteeism is www.telegraph.co.uk/article/absenteesim on the 26/11/2012 showed that the main cause for absenteeism was work related stress. This web page has been  selected to back up the concept of absenteeism because work related stress can be through unsatisfied job expectation and losing commitment to the role maybe through breaking of a psychological contract. This information was also backed up by the web page www.ukessays.co.uk 26/11/2012 which proves the information is a reliable source. The second concept chosen in this report is psychological contracts and web page chosen is www.thefreelibrary.com/psycologicalcontracts 26/11/2012. This page studied what would be a breach of a psychological contract. This information came from an article written by Pittensburg State University and has been back up by other sources mentioned in the article therefore is a reliable source. References Pittensburg State University. (2010). Psychological contracts. www.thefreelibrary.com/psychologicalcontracts. Last accessed 26 Nov 2012. Preston, D (2012). Book 2 An introduction to human resource management in business. p9-22. Steers, R. M. and Rhodes, S. R. (1978) ‘Major influences on employee attendance: a process model’ Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 63, No4, pp. 391-407 The Telegraph. (2011). Absenteeism. www.telegraph.co.uk/absenteeism. Last accessed 26 Nov 2012. UK essays. (2003). concepts of absenteeism. www.ukessays.co.uk. Last accessed 26 Nov 2012.

How Social Media has a bad effect on Society

As we approach 2014 social media has been very advantageous communicating tool for people of all ages to use. However behind closed doors social media is strangling the life out of the younger generation. Now of course I do not mean this literally, and in many ways sites like Facebook and Twitter promote to teenagers about making friends and widening their friend circles which is excellent-in theory.This has in my opinion got out of hand and scientists have been able to come up new psychological evidence that shows that teenagers have increased aggression in their moods and lack of empathy which increases the possibility of schizophrenia and depression. Most teenagers I talk to say that they can’t imagine a world without social media and an astounding 96% of people have at one point signed up to one of these sites. The newly discovered FoMo syndrome has come hand in hand with the social media craze, which is the Fear of Missing out.This syndrome means that people are glued ont o their social media sites constantly refreshing the pages because they are so afraid of missing out on something important or interesting. Arguably the biggest problem with Social Media is Cyberbullying. This is not your average school bullying in the sense it can be controlled by people, on social networking sites bullies don’t get told off by anyone or restricted by anyone and can continue as they see fit. Another difficulty with online bullying is that the attacker can hide behind their computer and are shadowed by this.A lot of people would not have the courage to say things in person to one another but on Facebook people seem to be more outgoing and some completely have a change of personality and become a lot more confident. Ask. fm over the last year has been linked to 9 cyberbullying evoked suicides and has been the centre of many petitions about the site being taken down. On this site people can anonymously ask questions to the user for them to be answered and poste d, which seems innocent and funny. Disgusting, vile teenagers have been abusing users on Ask. fm anonymously though and this is what has driven 9 people to take their own lives.Personally I believe that this site should be taken down immediately and save users from the torment of faceless bullies. ‘Sexting’ is another online craze at the moment throughout Social Networking. This is when two people engage in a sexually explicit conversation or send sexually explicit photos via Facebook or a new phenomenon Snapchat. Immature teens do not know the risks of this however and do not realise that as a result of their actions a message or photo could fall into the wrong hands and could jeopardise the reputation or perhaps the future of the individual.Stalkers and predators are known to be highly common on Social Networking sites as it is an easy way to search and track anybody in the world. To add to all these valid points comes possibly one of the most appreciated of all which is time; Social Networking for me and for millions of teenagers all over the world one of the biggest time wasters in modern day society. For example whilst revising for a test I will dedicate the night before to learn, whilst in absolute concentration though a ‘PING’ will sound from my phone resting nest to me and I unavoidably check to see what it was.Half an hour later I think to myself ‘Oh My God, I’ve wasted the whole of prep. ’ Events like these happen daily. On the other hand along with all this negativity social media sites like Facebook, Instagram and twitter show that people are brought together and that these sites are there for old friends to reunite and catch-up via private message. In conclusion, Social Networking sites are meant for all kinds of social behaviour essentially but in my opinion it has definitely become out of hand and I can only see these problems getting worse and worse. How Social Media has a bad effect on Society As we approach 2014 social media has been very advantageous communicating tool for people of all ages to use. However behind closed doors social media is strangling the life out of the younger generation. Now of course I do not mean this literally, and in many ways sites like Facebook and Twitter promote to teenagers about making friends and widening their friend circles which is excellent-in theory.This has in my opinion got out of hand and scientists have been able to come up new psychological evidence that shows that teenagers have increased aggression in their moods and lack of empathy which increases the possibility of schizophrenia and depression. Most teenagers I talk to say that they can’t imagine a world without social media and an astounding 96% of people have at one point signed up to one of these sites. The newly discovered FoMo syndrome has come hand in hand with the social media craze, which is the Fear of Missing out.This syndrome means that people are glued ont o their social media sites constantly refreshing the pages because they are so afraid of missing out on something important or interesting. Arguably the biggest problem with Social Media is Cyberbullying. This is not your average school bullying in the sense it can be controlled by people, on social networking sites bullies don’t get told off by anyone or restricted by anyone and can continue as they see fit. Another difficulty with online bullying is that the attacker can hide behind their computer and are shadowed by this.A lot of people would not have the courage to say things in person to one another but on Facebook people seem to be more outgoing and some completely have a change of personality and become a lot more confident. Ask. fm over the last year has been linked to 9 cyberbullying evoked suicides and has been the centre of many petitions about the site being taken down. On this site people can anonymously ask questions to the user for them to be answered and poste d, which seems innocent and funny. Disgusting, vile teenagers have been abusing users on Ask. fm anonymously though and this is what has driven 9 people to take their own lives.Personally I believe that this site should be taken down immediately and save users from the torment of faceless bullies. ‘Sexting’ is another online craze at the moment throughout Social Networking. This is when two people engage in a sexually explicit conversation or send sexually explicit photos via Facebook or a new phenomenon Snapchat. Immature teens do not know the risks of this however and do not realise that as a result of their actions a message or photo could fall into the wrong hands and could jeopardise the reputation or perhaps the future of the individual.Stalkers and predators are known to be highly common on Social Networking sites as it is an easy way to search and track anybody in the world. To add to all these valid points comes possibly one of the most appreciated of all which is time; Social Networking for me and for millions of teenagers all over the world one of the biggest time wasters in modern day society. For example whilst revising for a test I will dedicate the night before to learn, whilst in absolute concentration though a ‘PING’ will sound from my phone resting nest to me and I unavoidably check to see what it was.Half an hour later I think to myself ‘Oh My God, I’ve wasted the whole of prep. ’ Events like these happen daily. On the other hand along with all this negativity social media sites like Facebook, Instagram and twitter show that people are brought together and that these sites are there for old friends to reunite and catch-up via private message. In conclusion, Social Networking sites are meant for all kinds of social behaviour essentially but in my opinion it has definitely become out of hand and I can only see these problems getting worse and worse.

What are the most important stratgic of quality mangent Research Paper

What are the most important stratgic of quality mangent - Research Paper Example Applying some tools of Total Quality Management is the secret of that successful. The most important strategies of Total Quality Management that should be established in the successful companies are quality circle, quality improvement team, quality of human resources, and employing the six sigma as one of the strategies. First understanding and employing quality circle drive companies to success. The order of quality circle that will be following is starting from main management of the company through employees, product or service, and customer which ending in the company by getting higher income. First of all, employees are vital part of the companies since they are the people who are working to provide the service or production of the product. Only if the company has good employees, will it success. That is the reason of the hiring employee into the quality circle which will be the way of driving organization to success. According to Berry (1991), Managing the Total Quality Transformation, by the quality circle the employees should be wishful to share within the higher planning of Total Quality Management since their effort will be spent on, also staff will be more productively. That shows staff will be working with high quality in their work environment, if they participated in their department p lan because they will spend their energy and time on it. Secondly, customer satisfaction is the only logical method to maintain the high level of progress and success in companies. If the company won the customer satisfaction which could be achieved by the quality circle, that will be reflected on the increase in production and in their income. Which means itll have the opportunity to achieve a high percentage of sales and to widening the scope of the customer. According to Nocero (2002), in his article â€Å"Seal of Approval† customer could control cost of products or services by their satisfaction. Therefore, the

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Globalization - Essay Example Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. (Website: http://www.globalization101.org/What_is_Globalization.html Globalization makes use of modern technological advancements and also focuses on the quick transfer of technology, to keep with the changing world. Therefore, Globalization is a phenomenon that charges towards progress and engulfs the whole world, in this process. The development in technology has led to the process of Cloning and other artificial forms of life. Today, we have hybrid varieties of fruits and vegetables being imported from various parts of the world; which truly symbolises globalization.

Impact of Technology on Business Communication Essay

Impact of Technology on Business Communication - Essay Example Unless possible clients or customers are conscious of our business, they will not cover the information to get in touch with a company or else to purchase its diverse products. When they are responsive of its business, they should be capable to contact it rather easily (Scott, 2011). This report presents the possible applications of business communications technology. In addition, this report analyzes some of the main aspects regarding the application and establishment of such communication techniques for the enhanced business contact. Business Communication Technology This section presents some of the vital business communication technologies for better business handling and management. Below are some important examples of business communication: Social Networking This technology is currently extensively used in business communication. There are lots of popular social networks those heavily support such business communication like Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter. ... Shared Digital Workspaces One more new and state-of-the-art business communication technology is the Shared Digital Workspace. These digital workspaces are similar to traditional specialized networks designed for file sharing, where numerous partners are able to get access and perform their functions on a particular project immediately. This permits networks better group teamwork as cooperative aimed at conflicting requirements in some relaxation intended for time and place. This is mainly valuable for companies that deal in different states all over the world. However, this business communication technology requires some proprietary communication application involving higher costs and also demands extensive application personalization for better and effective management of business needs (Nelson, 2010). Telephonic Communication Telephonic communication has turned out to be more and more significant method of business communication for the reason that it is able to connect workers, c olleagues and business experts countrywide as well as internationally. This is very effective medium for instant response along with feedback. However, the costs of telephonic communication are considerably higher, mainly if a business necessitates several worldwide calls (Carter, 2011) and (Fastrak Consulting Ltd, 1998). Verbal Communication Verbal communication is also the traditional business communication method that is used for high and extensive response and feedback. This can be face to face or distant communication among business staff as well as various groups. This technique of business communication is so far an important and well-liked technique all over the world. On the other hand,

Personal study skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal study skills - Assignment Example The many teaching opportunities have given me a chance to manage my time effectively. The main challenges I encountered in the pursuit of my targets include lack of adequate time to carry out my activities. In other instances, stress arising from family matters made it impossible for me to manage my many activities. Due to my intolerance towards others, I found that most people neglected me and I spend most of the times alone (Cobb, 2002). I have not been able to achieve some of my set targets, for example, my learning skills due to dyspraxia. Due to this condition, I take more time to understand some things since for me to understand I need to be given a more detailed explanation which may take longer period of time. In terms of keeping fit, I have not been able to manage my weight due to my inability to maintain a healthy lifestyle (Bligham and Drew, 2010). Additionally, my trip to New York has been affected by my parents desire to buy a second home in London. Having not saved enough money to cater for my trip, I have to push it up to 2016. By 2016, I intend to have saved around $2,000 for the trip. In order to keep fit, I will take boxing classes 3 times a week and engage in daily home exercise as well as maintain a healthy â€Å"Dukan Diet†. To improve my learning skills, I will engage into more learning activities and devote more time into learning. In an effort to reset my targets I have tried to identify my own strengths and weaknesses and try to work on them. Additionally, to be able to reset my targets, I need to develop good time management skills (Lee-Davies and Bailey, 2007). During the semester, I have had good moments through the learning process. I have been able to gain many skills and improve my way of approaching life. I have also been able to change my attitude towards others and appreciate working with others to achieve the desired results (Lee-Davies and Bailey, 2007). I have been able to improve my time

Wk5 (31) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk5 (31) - Essay Example Ethno centricity means that one observes a culture from the point of view of the culture and not necessarily from the point of view of one’s own culture. Lack of Cultural sensitivity can lead to stereotyping. The instance of this or the example of this is the point where people engage in stereotyping without sensitivity. Usually, we see Hollywood movies engage in stereotyping without cultural sensitivity and this often result in caricatures of the people being stereotyped. The stereotyping is more prevalent in popular culture and depictions of public images by generalizing the cultural and racial characteristics to include all members of the group. The skills that I would use include the usage of culture specific jargon and words to describe the culture in non stereotypical fashion. This can be done by an increased awareness of the culture of the others and by an effort and attempt to know the culture of the other without compromising on the factual element. The necessary pre-requisites for such skills would ensure that I can foster cultural sensitivity without engaging in stereotyping. The dimensions that Iveys identifies within the three organizing principles are perception of the self, aculturlization and style of personality. These are the organizing principles around which the concept of the verbal and non-verbal discrepancies is built. Each of the dimensions is important and a good point of study from the view point of observation and interviewing the subjects. The most important behavior to observe is that of the perception of the self as this is often a gateway into the future of the self as compared to the other dimensions that merely touch upon the fringes. The perception of the self is an important starting point for further analysis into the causes of what makes the people behave in a certain way. The specific examples for each kind of dimension are the ways in which the behaviors are influenced by the dimensions. The information

Muscular endurance Essay Example for Free

Muscular endurance Essay 20 shuttles running to the bleeps and the bleeps gradually get faster this shows you how well your endurance is in your muscles and your cardiovascular system. You can improve this by doing circuit training. Other tests which can be done are Cooper run which involves you running around a 400 meter track for twelve minutes to see how far you can run. This also measures your muscular endurance and how well you cardiovascular system is. The other test is the Harvard step test which is thirty steps per minute. You use your pulse to assess your fitness levels. Here are some other tests which can test the components of fitness: Muscular endurance Sit-ups, press ups and circuit training Muscular strength Bench press, chin ups, grip strength and decimetre. Flexibility Sit and reach, hyperextensions and stretches Body composition Pinch test which callipers biceps and triceps. The tests out of there that I will do is the muscular endurance and muscular strength tests. The principles of training that I might use in the six weeks are:- Specificity Which means Ill be working on specific areas. Especially areas that I am weak at. Overload This means I do more than my body can do with ease and increase the intensity of the exercise. Reversibility (if injured or ill for a long period of time) If I am out of training for a certain period of time. My bodies final result in training declines. To prevent this from occurring you need to keep training otherwise you may have reversibility. Here are some Methods of training which I could use in my six week programme. Continuous (for aerobic system). In the continuous training you walk, jog, cycle or swim at a steady pace, without rest. To overload, increase the time, distance, speed or frequency. The advantages of this method of training is its great for aerobic fitness. You dont need special equipment and its good for burning off body fat. The disadvantages of this method of training is it can be boring and it doesnt improve spring speed, which is needed for a lot of sports. It is more suited for long distance runners. The other method of training is Fartlek training. This is mainly for sprinters because of the change of speed. You can use it in many ways for example on a bike, running and skiing. Overload by increasing times, or the difficulty of the terrain. You could run up hills or threw sand or mud. The advantages of Fartlek training is good for a lot of sports because of the change of speed. You can change the mix of fast and slow work to suit your sport. The changes of pace makes it intense. The disadvantages are the coaches cant tell how hard an athlete is training. You could argue that the athlete should try his/her hardest to get more out of their training. An its easy to skip the tough buts so you need a lot of determination. Interval training In the interval training you do fast and then slow work. A good example of this is running. You can do a 30 meter sprint and then a 30 second jog. This is good for running and swimming. Each repetition of the pattern is called a rep. You must do a set of these before you can rest. This is also done in weights. You do reps in weights and you do different speeds (push the weight up fast and bring it down slow). You overload the interval training by doing more reps or sets or both or you could set less time on slow work and resting. In weights you usually increase the weight but do less reps. The advantages of this is you can mix both anaerobic and anaerobic work. It is also easy to see when you are giving up. The disadvantages are its hard t keep going and you need lots of determination. Also if you overload you increase the chances of injury because of the sudden changes. The training equipment that I will be using on my training is a weight bar with weights on the end. The bar itself ways about 10kg so whatever weights I put on the end I have to add 10kg because of the bar. I usually do my weight training with my partner Hollie. Shes a 18 year old girl and is about my level in all training that we do. I will use her as my motivation. For my sprint training I will be using a sports hall which has a lot of grip on it. This allows me to turn and change direction quickly (agility) which is the use of speed and muscular strength.

Feminism In Whartons Writings

Feminism In Whartons Writings Technically, feminism is defined as a political discourse aimed at equal rights and legal protection for women. Feminist criticism is a type of literary criticism, and can be defined as the study of literature by women, or the interpretation of any text written with an attention to gender dynamics or a focus on female characters  [2]  . The study may involve reevaluating women writers.  [3]  . Feminism is usually associated with female figures that stand up for womens equality and rights. Anti feminism is the opposition to feminism in some or all of its form and some male chauvinists are reckoned to be anti-feminists. Edith Wharton was claimed to be a feminist  [4]  especially after her novel, House of Mirth was published. This is due to her preference of emphasizing, either directly or figuratively, on the repression of women in her novels recurrently. Although her writings may have not gained popularity as feminism works like Virginia Woolfes, yet it is inevitable that Wharton is inclined towards producing fictions centered at the case of gender inequality. This is mainly because most of her writings somehow depict that women are downgraded in many aspects like family strata, social status, custom lifestyle and power as well as control. However, the later responses to her writings are more to only individuals perception with not much reference to her writings but the critics tend to associate the basis of her novels with her background. Edith Wharton once said this about the critical response to her writing: After all, one knows ones weak points so well that its rather bewildering to have the critics overlook them and invent others. The measure for feminism in literature depends on the literary approach of feminism by a writer. For this research, I will be using the feminist literature criticism to analyze the repression on women in Whartons fictions, and also to reevaluate Wharton as a feminist writer. I will be counterclaiming the consented belief that Wharton is a feminist literature and providing proofs that she might also be an anti-feminist. I have referred to four of Whartons novels; The Age of Innocence, House of Mirth, Summer and Ethan Frome; as the written texts and basis for my justification. My research will be based on three aspects or literary approach of feminism that can determine whether the writers are feminists or neutral; gender equality or opposed to gender stereotype, image of female characters as main characters or hero in the feats of women, culture or art created by women, use of neutral language in describing the characters, with close reference to the four written texts. Aspect 1 : Gender equality and opposed to gender role stereotypes and discrimination against women. In the society where Edith Wharton lived women did not fit into any creative or participant role. They were regarded as a supremely satisfying object of masculine possession. The male automatically became interested in parading the well-decked woman as his proud possession. As Judith H. Montgomery remarks: women began to be regarded. . as decorative playthings as dolls and idols (The American Galatea College English, 32, 8 (May 1971), 89 1). As dolls they were sought to be gilded, decorated and displayed, as idols they were treated as art objects and worshipped. Thus, this partly dictates the reason for Whartons texts inclination towards the issue of repressed women in the society since the women were stereotyped as only possession with no crucial significance in the society. The American society, to which Edith Wharton herself belonged, did not give equality to women in legal, economic and sexual matters. Every aspect of American culture conspired to foster such an unequal treatment. In The Age of Innocence, Countess Ellen Fonseka is seen as a lady who does not fully abide with the supposed role of a woman. This is due to her unusual habits of a lady and unconventionality in that society. Citing from the text, Mrs. Mingott said she had gone out ;which, on a day of such glaring light à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ seemed in itself an indelicate thing for a compromised woman to do. (page 24) Women during that particular era, cannot not go out unaccompanied, during daytime due to perception that women should be at home, taking care of the households, and should not wander around alone so they can raise up suspicions and apprehension over their where and what about. However, the text could also be translated as an advice or a concern by Edith Wharton over the safety of a woman if she is to be outside alone. As a compromised woman, Ellen Fonseka should not wander alone especially because she has separated from her husband, and her safety is now to Mrs Minggots concern. In fact, Wharton has never stated that woman should only be at home and forbidden to go out, or in any words, the freedom for women to walk about is not prohibited nor discriminated. In the House of Mirth, Lily Bart, the protagonist, is an object of beauty than a woman who should be loved. She is the product of a society with no socially acceptable means other than matrimony. Lilys mother considers her beauty as a weapon (chapter House, page 37) and Lawrence Seldon has been quoted asking Lily; Isnt marriage your vocation? (chapter House, page 11) Thus, it can be said that women are bound to the lifestyle provided to them by the society with no obvious choices. For this reason, few literature guides have agreed that Edith Wharton is obliquely suggesting vindication of womens status quo.  [5]   Nonetheless, the evidences in The Age of Innocence and House of Mirth do not provide sufficient justification for the claim. There are evidences that indicate that Wharton actually criticized the societys code of conduct, superficial values and double standard regarding marriage as a whole and not regarding the discrimination by the society against women. Marriage was indeed an obligation compulsory for every woman in the society especially after the adolescence year, hence the generations belief may not suggest that women ought to be stereotypically seen only as wives, but the act of marriage itself was a part of the societys lifestyle. In fact, until today, the act of marriage is still being practiced around the world, with no apparent discrimination against women. Besides that, it is generally accepted that marriage is a commitment pledged based on mutual respect and agreement from both genders; man and woman. For that reason marriage shall not be a vocation for only woman, but al so man. The society setting for the Age of Innocence is the late nineteenth century, and women indeed are marked by disapproval and ironic denunciation and often some are perceived as only the object of supreme beauty, and this can be seen through the characters of May Welland and Ellen Fonseka. However, in Whartons The Age of Innocence, House of Mirth, and Ethan Frome, most of the central female characters are more than a symbol a possession for men, and instead these characters are greatly loved and cared by the respective companion male characters. Thus, the question of feminism raised due to the common negative stereotype of a woman role, has been well compensated by Edith Wharton herself in the novels. I would like to cite an instance from The Age of Innocence, and in this novel, Archer Newland is clearly seen to be deeply in love with Countess Ellen Fonseka, a widow, despite he is then matrimonially attached to May Welland. The longing was within him day and night, an incessant, undefinable craving, like the sudden whim of a sick man for food or drink once tested and long since forgotten. (Chapter 23, page 189) From this excerpt, Wharton indirectly states that Ellen Fonseka is not a sole object of possession, instead Newland Archer does feel something deep for her, it could be infatuation or even love. Later in this novel, it is proven that Newland loves her but he feels he is bounded to be with May and the old decencies  [6]  he and his people had always believed in. But to love Ellen Fonseka was not to become a man like Leffertsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(she) is not like no other woman, he was like no other man; their situation, therefore, resembled no one elsesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Chapter 30, page 258) The whole text clearly depicts that women are appreciated and loved by men, and the act of wedlock fidelity by husbands is indecent, and for Archer Newlands case, decency triumphs over love, yet love for a woman can persist to a lifetime. Later in this novel, Wharton figuratively described the feeling that Newland cast for Ellen is not infatuation, thus, this indicates that Ellen is not an object of possession, and Wharton defies the stereotype amazingly by proving that rather than being a typical woman accustomed to discrimination, a woman can take reign over a mans heart without losing his respect, and women are not meant to be deprived. In the Age of Innocence, the upper class society perceives the act of divorce as something disgraceful and against the societys customs, especially if the wife is the one who asks for divorce. Countess Ellen Fonseka who opts for divorce after she has learnt his husbands infidelity, receives negative discernment from the public. Citing form the text, Everybody knew that the Countess Olenska was no longer in the good graces of her family. Even her devoted champion, old Mrs Manson Mingott, had been unable to defend her refusal to return to her husband. (Chapter 26 : 220) Based on this excerpt, although Mrs Manson Minggot comes from the family of a high social stratum, yet she herself is unable to do anything over Olenskas decision to annul her marriage. Another instance from the text, After all, a young womans place was under her husbands roof, especially when she had left it in her husbands roof, especially when she had left it in circumstances that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ well à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ if one had cared to look into themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Chapter 26 : 220) Nonetheless, the societys attitude towards the annulment of marriage as described by Edith Wharton cannot be used as the ground to support the claim that Wharton is a feminist writer. Whartons view through Newland Archers dialogue, Our ideas about marriage and divorce are particularly old-fashioned. Our legislation favours divorce our social customs dont. (Chapter 12 ; page 93) From the dialogue, Edith Wharton had made the point that only the custom forbids the act of divorce while it is actually legally appropriate to be done. Hence, the evidence that females are discriminated by the society since they should not be asking and opting for divorce cannot be justified. Again, Wharton may had intended to criticize on the societys code of conduct, and in fact there is no other evidences in Whartons text (House of Mirth and Ethan Frome) that has clearly stated the prejudice towards women in the act of divorce. Aspect 2 : Dedication of image of the female as a hero or central character in fiction, and in the physiques and feats of female. Female as a hero or central character in fiction Heroic character is defined as character in literature, art or culture who is bounded with positive behaviors and characteristics, and even considered as the protagonist character. A common characteristic of feminist literature is the detailed portrayal of women with great positive values in the novels, as well as women written as the main, protagonist characters in the fictions. In most of Whartons novels, female characters are often seen to be equipped with decent attitudes, great perseverance, and the ability to adapt themselves to the demanding and often poor environment in best possible manners  [7]  . This is achieved with the successful help of womens intelligent decision making and analytical mind. In the Age of Innocence, the character of Ellen Fonseka is depicted as a woman of unconventionality due to her lack of concern for social rules and etiquette. This makes her a target of malicious tongues, but a heroine of dispossessed. In the novel The Age of Innocence, the character of Ellen Fonseka lives in the heart and mind of Newland Archers character throughout the novel. Even 26 years after Ellen Fonsekas departure to Europe, Newland keeps the memories of him with Fonseka. Hence, it can be seen that the central or main character in The Age of Innocence is Countess Ellen Fonseka. The heroine in the House of Mirth, Lily Barth is an intelligent woman and adept at playing societys games. The overall conflict of social expectation and personal desire in the novel House of Mirth basically revolve around the characterization of Lily Barth. It is made clear from the beginning of the book that Lily Barth was raised in the midst of luxury, and expects herself to be married to man of upper social class. Edith Wharton described the appearances and behaviours of Barth in detail, and overall, the novel itself was even described  [8]  as a novel about New York socialite, Lily Barth, attempting to secure a husband and place in rich society. Therefore, the readers and literature professionals agree that Lily Barth is the central character of the House of Mirth. Nonetheless, Whartons preference on female gender as the central characters in her writings cannot justify the claim that Edith Wharton is a literature feminist. This is because the measure of the heroic or central characters is subjective to the readers. In the Age of Innocence, the character of Newland Archer also portrays the heroic or central character in this novel. Although Ellen Fonsekas character remains etched in Newlands thoughts and memories, yet the appearances of Newland Archer are more continuous in the novel and the role of Newlands character is more significant than that of Ellen Fonsekas. Moreover, Newland Archers character appears at each chapter and consistently remained active and spoken about by Wharton. Besides that, Newland is the character who has to bear with the most conflicts, whether the internal or the external ones. In the Age of Innocence, Newland Archers character is emotionally attached to Ellen Fonseka while at the same time he is matrimonially committed to May Welland. Newland Archer casts the feeling of love towards Ellen Fonseka, but he still decides to marry May Welland. Ellen Fonseka responds to Archers confession of love, I cant go back now to that other way of thinking. I cant love you unless I give you up. (Chapter 18, page 145) The incident was made more difficult by the arrival of the telegram from Welland to Ellen Fonseka, in which May Welland tells about her parents approval to move forward her wedding date to Archer. Following this incident, Aspect 4 : Usage of gender-bias or sexist language ` For instance, in The Age of Innocence, Archer entirely approved of family solidarity, and of the qualities he most admired in the Mingotts was their resolute championship of the few black sheep that their blameless stock had producedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (but) he did not think the Mingotts would have tried it on! (chapter 2, page 10) It in the above excerpt refers to Mingotts decision to bring along Countess Olenska to the opera when Archers engagement to May Welland is about to be announced within a few weeks. From this excerpt anyway, Wharton uses the term black sheep to indicate the family members that could bring humiliation to the Mingott. Since the word few is used, it can be supposed that there could be more characters rather than Ellen Fonseka only, who exude unconventionality to the public. Hence, it is unfair to say that widows or women are discriminated in the Mingott family, when the term black sheep is neutral to any black sheep of different gender, and the emphasize on Ellen to bring about humiliation is only because of that particular moment where Archer Newland is getting married to May Welland and it looks improper for a black sheep to be seen with a family of upper class.